阶次自适应AR等效电路模型的锂电池SOC滑模观测

基于等效电路模型的一类车载动力电池剩余荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)的估算方法，其估算精度高度依赖于模型精度，模型精度又正比于模型复杂度，以至于难以较好地应用于嵌入式控制单元.提出复杂度相对较低、能够自适应确定最优模型阶次的全新等效电路模型——基于阶次自适应AR模型的车载动力电池等效电路灰箱模型.基于此灰箱模型，给出锂离子电池SOC的滑模观测器设计推导及能观性、收敛性证明.结果表明，本文提出的基于阶次自适应AR等效电路灰箱模型的滑模观测器SOC估算方法(adaptive autoregressive-sliding mode observer，AAR-SMO)具有低模型复杂度、高精度、强鲁棒性及快速收敛等性能.     

多弧离子镀制备的耐事故燃料包壳铬涂层晶粒结构研究

本文通过从几十微米到几埃的多尺度表征展示了多弧离子镀制备铬涂层的详细结构.经XRD, SEM, FIB, TEM和HRTEM表征，结果显示该涂层是一种多重结构，包括表面上的微米级颗粒、缺陷带钉扎的微米或次微米级液滴、以堆垛层错为晶界的柱状晶、以刃位错和螺型位错为区分的微晶、位错末端的原子畸变以及原子排列无序化的区域.这些结构通过改变涂层的结晶度，影响了晶格常数、表面粗化和FIB溅射裂纹.此外，通过分析HTEM照片，确定了这些堆垛层错和位错的类型.最后，讨论了沉积参数对这些晶粒结构的影响.     

ICP-MS法测定钼矿石中伴生锂、镓和稀土元素

通过比较氢氟酸-硝酸高压罐密闭消解法、 氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸低压密闭消解法和氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸敞口消解法对钼矿样品的分解效果， 选用低压密闭消解法制备样品， 用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS)法测定伴生稀有元素Li，Ga和15种稀土元素的质量比. 通过对干扰元素的分析， 选择合适同位素， 并确定¹⁵¹Eu，¹⁵⁷Gd，¹⁵⁹Tb质谱干扰的校正系数. 结果表明，  20 μg/L的铑（Rh）标准溶液作为内标可有效抑制溶液中的基体效应和信号动态漂移， 方法检出限为0.001~0.113 μg/g， 相对标准偏差（RSD， n=7）为0.30%~3.92%.  经标准物质和实际样品验证， 该方法可靠， 适合钼矿中伴生Li，Ga和稀土元素的测定.     

辅助离子束对孪生磁场中频反应溅射等离子体特性的影响

 在自行研制的离子束辅助孪生磁场中频反应溅射设备中制备光学氧化钛薄膜，利用郎缪尔静电探针研究等离子特性变化，同时测定基片表面的伏安（I-V）特性。结果表明，随离子束功率密度不断提高，等离子体电子密度不断增加，悬浮负电位绝对值减小，溅射阴极电压下降；基片表面经历从富电子向富阳离子转变，基片正电位不断提高；辅助离子束为109 W时，基片表面处于电中性等离子体平衡态。     

一种钯离子印迹聚合物的制备优化研究

采用沉淀聚合法, 以PdCl₄²⁻为模板, 以4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)、2-烯丙巯基烟酸(ANA)、2-乙酸胺基丙烯酸(AAA)为功能单体, 加入交联剂二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和致孔剂甲醇, 制备钯离子印迹聚合物。通过添加不同种类、用量的功能单体和不同用量的交联剂, 探究不同制备条件对钯离子印迹聚合物制备效果的影响。优化结果表明, 与ANA和AAA功能单体对比, 4-VP和PdCl₄^2–能形成4:1的稳定配合物, 结合常数最大, 印迹效果最好, 是 3 种功能单体中用于制备钯离子印迹聚合物的最佳选择。吸附试验结果进一步表明, 按照模板、功能单体、交联剂用量比例为1:4:40制备的钯离子印迹聚合物对Pd(II)的吸附量最大, 为5.042 mg/g。     

Synthesis of aluminum nitride in a coke-calcium reduction bed using nitrogen in air

An experimental study on the heating of a mixture of aluminum and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) powders in a reductive bed under air atmosphere is reported. The formation of aluminum nitride (AlN) during this process was the focus of this study. The formation of AlN was achieved using LiOH as an additive and heating the sample in a resistance furnace in a specially designed double crucible within a bed of a mixture of coke and filamentous calcium. The temperature range of the reaction was between 700°C and 1100°C. The optimum tem-perature of 1100°C and the optimum LiOH amount (5wt%) required to achieve maximum yield were determined by powder X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs clearly indicated the transformation of grain structures from rods (700°C) to cauliflower shapes (1100°C).     

基于香豆素的银离子化学传感器的合成与性能研究

设计、合成了一种以香豆素为发色基团、以含氮、硫原子的冠醚为识别基团的化学传感器S1.通过UV-vis吸收光谱研究了S1的选择性识别能力,结果表明:在S1的Et OH-H2O(体积分数,1∶1)溶液中加入银离子,不仅最大吸收波长有较明显的蓝移而且其吸光强度也有所降低,而加入其他离子如:Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+、Sr2+、K+、Mg2+、Li+、Fe3+、Pb2+和Zn2+均没有明显变化,传感器S1对银离子具有很好的选择性识别能力.     

Linear and non-linear pseudocapacitances with or without diffusion control

Pseudocapacitance is an important reversible charge storage mechanism in many electrode materials. Although the concept was first proposed in early 1960s, it has been more widely studied following the observation of rectangular cyclic voltammograms (CVs) when testing some transition metal oxides and electronically conducting polymers, and the association with supercapacitor. However, interpretation of pseudocapacitance is inconsistent in the literature. Although all agree that materials are pseudocapacitive if they undergo Faradaic reactions and exhibit rectangular CVs, some have regarded any surface confined Faradaic reactions which may present non-rectangular or even peak-shaped CVs to be pseudocapacitive. In the case of rectangular CVs, the amount of charge stored in the electrode is a linear function of the electrode potential, whilst for non-rectangular or peak-shaped CVs, the relationship is non-linear. It is shown in this article that only linear pseudocapacitance is of relevance to supercapacitor, but non-linear pseudocapacitance may find applications in rechargeable battery and supercapattery. Further, it is clarified that the equation i ​= ​k₁v ​+ ​k₂v^1/2 is useful in analysis of electrode kinetics in terms of surface confinement and diffusion control. However, this kinetic equation is blind to the thermodynamically determined charge storage mechanisms as shown by experimental evidence, and should not be used to differentiate non-capacitive Faradaic processes from pseudocapacitance, either linear or non-linear.     

Hollow bismuth ferrite combined graphene as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Hollow bismuth ferrite nanofibers were fabricated via simple electrospinning process,and the storage properties of Na-ions were investigated by atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectrum(APXPS) and Synchrotron Radiation.The results show that the hollow bismuth ferrite nanotubes demonstrate impressive sodium storage properties and good cycling stability that the specific capacity can exceed 500 mA h g~(-1) and the cycle number reaches several hundred cycles.The graphene-coated bismuth ferrite nanotubes exhibit a specific capacity of600 mAhg~(-1)and a 89% capacity retention after 200 cycles.The present strategy can be a significant step to fabricate hollow perovskite oxides and serve as sodium ion batteries.     

改进蚱蜢算法在电动汽车充换电站调度中的应用

电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题一般采用群智能优化算法求解，但现有算法存在陷入局部最优、早熟收敛等缺陷，因此提出一种改进的蚱蜢算法:采用边界反弹机制，提高算法效率;引入正余弦搜索机制，加强算法的全局搜索能力;采用Lévy飞行对粒子进行随机扰动，防止种群陷入局部最优;采用非线性收敛策略加快算法后期的收敛速度.实验结果表明，该算法在电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题上，性能优于原始蚱蜢算法以及其他现有群智能算法.